2.
   2022
/  

: 3     :50
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.         
2.          
-
3.           
4.       
-
5.       
6.          
2.
-
7.             
     
8.    '        
   2022
/  

: 3     :50
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.         
:  -  
   
         ,   
 ?  
! ,   -,   ',   
  -            -,   
   ,    
󽆤  
2.
""    ""   ,         
  ,             
󽆤    ?
     
   
  '  (16 )            
 
󽆤  
 :



  

    (    )      :
      
-,         :
1. 
2.   
3.   
4.      
  ,        -    ,  
     
 
󽆤    
  (16 )            :
 -   |    |     |    
  - 
 ,   
 
  ...    ...   ...
2.
    -   
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸 
 ?

:
      
  ( )   
      
 
         
  ,      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   -  
         , ,      
   
     ,      
         
 
󽆤 ""
         '    :

 
  
 ,         :
, , , , , ,  , 
               
     
󽆤 ""
    :
    ()  3     "" ( ) '  
  
2.
 ,   =       ,      '
     
  
  :
 
  
  
󽆤   
  :󷄧󷄫   ()󷄧󷄬     
󷄧󷄭  ,    '    
        ... ...   '   
?      -     !
󽆤   
     ():
    |    |     |    |     |   
:
  3    
 ,     '  
 ,   '         :
!”  "  !"

       
󷇍󷇎󷇏󷇐󷇑󷇒     


 

 / -
 '     3  



  / -
2.

  
   
 
,  
, , 
 

  '  

  ' , ,  

   
     
  :
 =  
  =  -  
󷙢     
   
 ,  -         ,  
             
!  
    ,  
   

󷄧󼿒    
:
                
 -        -      
  
:
        
      
2.          
:       
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
        
 -  ,   
   ,          ,   
2.
          ,       
   -        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔            -   ,
 -  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 
       ,       
 18
-19
 
       ,    - 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
1.   :
o  ,     
o     '  
2.  :
o      -    
o         ,    ( ) 
   
 
3. :
o ,     ,     
o    
      
4. :
o , ,  
o       - 
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  ,    
 -    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 
       (1780–1826)    
             ,
    '   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
1.   :
o  ,    
2.
o           
2. :
o ,           
o     
,          
 
3. :
o ,      
o    ""  ""     
4. :
o , ,  
o     ()    
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  ,    
 -     ,  

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 

 
 

   
      
 

    
 
,  ( + )

, , 
, , 

, 
, , 

- ,  
, ,  

 ( )
   ,  

  
  
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
      -      
 ,      ,       
 ,             
 , 
    
 ,             
,            , 
      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    ,            
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
2.
:         ,  
  
     
:       
 ,      
       
  ,     
 ,      
 
󷇮󷇭 
  ,   -   ,     ,  
          ,    
   
 
-
3.           
: Pt   '.  
 
      ,  
 ,  , 
                 -
           ,  
               
  ,             
  
    
;         ,   
    ,           
              ,
    
         ,       

,         ,  ,     
         '   ,    
               
 ,        ,     
-    
 ,     
    ,      
     
     
 ,    
2.
  
   ,   '  
 ,    
       -,     , 
      ,     
 
   
  -   , ,     
 
                
             ,    
                

   ,     ,        
          ,     
 
-    ,   ,       
          ,   , 
               
  ;   
          
, , ,        
     ()          
         
;      ,
              
            , ,   
          
;     
           
,   
     
            
      ,     -   
 
             
       
 
           , , 
           ,       
 
            
               
          
      
  
 
   ,  ,     ,   
              
  ,       
2.
          
  , 

      ,       ,   

        ,        
  ,  ,         

 
,  
  ,  ,      
    ,            
  
               
               
  ,        
;   
,   ,       ,    
                ,
             
4.       
:-
    -           
          ,   
,             ,
     
 -  ,       
   
      
  ,     -    , 
 ( )     ,       ,
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :            -  
,     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     
1.  ()  
   '       (6 ),  (8 ), 
   (14 )     
   
          
  ,        
2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:    ,    " 
,   "   
   
2.   
     - , , , 
             
     ,      
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       ,       ,    
      ,         
3.  
       
 ,         
          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   
 -   ,       , 
  
4.    
     ,        
            
         ,     

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔      :   
 ,   
 

5.     
   '      
      '
  
     ,     
    ,   
        
 
6.   
        
    
   
 ,        
           
2.
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   -   
󷗰󷗮󷗯 
     
     
  
 
󷶪󷶫  
   
 
   
 
    '     
󻏂󻏃󻏄󻏅󻏆󻏇󻏈  
    
  ,  
       
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
      ( )       : "--
   " (  ,     ?)
 -,              

 -    ,            ,
   ,            , 
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  
            
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
   ,    ,    
 
  ,  ,    ,      
  
        -       

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
2.
        -   ,   ,
   
   
      
 -  , 
   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 







󷇮󷇭 
       
 -        
    ,     
 ,   
  
          ,     

-
5.       
:,   ""   ()
    ( ) ,     / 
,       
  (  ,   )           
     , , , , , ,  ,   
   ,       ,       

      ()  
󻏂󻏃󻏄󻏅󻏆󻏇󻏈 :
2.
  ,        
    

     '     :
  (6 )
  (8 )
  ,            
    
            ,
  -   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  — ""   ()?
            
""     "       "
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸  :
             
     ', :
   
     
 ( ) '     
󼩏󼩐󼩑 :
   :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    (     )
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   SAM '   
 (  ):
     
     ,    "SAM"     

 ,      ...       ...
2.
       +   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  "  " 
  ?
    ,            

,   ,         

  :

  

   

   

SAM '      
,    :


 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  ,   
  ',      :
󷙢  (6 )
 :
1 2 3 | 4 5 6
   |   

󷙢  (8 )
    |    
    '         
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼       ( )
  , -,  -   
2.
󻏂󻏃󻏄󻏅󻏆󻏇󻏈 - 1 (  )
     – |
    
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸:
  ,   ,   
      SAM ' 
󻏂󻏃󻏄󻏅󻏆󻏇󻏈 - 2 (  )
     – |
    
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸:
   |    |   
    SAM '  
󻏂󻏃󻏄󻏅󻏆󻏇󻏈 - 3 (   )
    |    |
    |  
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸:
      
     SAM '  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    ?
    :󷄧󷄫 
"    "
2.
󷄧󷄬   :
  (2-3 )
   (2-3 )
󷄧󷄭 :
 1 + 
 2 + 
 3 + 
  -     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
  :
 =   
 =      
 =  +  
   :  
  '   ()  
 

  () 
   ()    
   ,      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
 ?

:
󽆱         
󽆱     
󽆱    

    
     ,      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
  :
          '       
2.
      SAM '         

                
   
     ,      !
6.          
:-
     ()   
,   ( )     
 ,               
 14-  ,           ,  
,       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :        ,   , 
           
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
 ():14
 ():4  (4 + 4 + 3 + 3)
 ( ):

    |     |     |    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           - , ,  -    
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  ?
          
        ()    ,   ,
     
  ,          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   "" ,      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  ?
2.
      ,   
   '  ( '        ) 
  
  ,   ,         
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    ""   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
       :

    |     |     |    
    |     |     |    
'   '     ,       
     ,         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  
            
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
 1

    |     |     |    
    |     |     ()
         (      )
   
  ( ) '    ,     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       ,     
 2

    |     |     |    
    |     |     ()
            
 ,     
 
2.
,      ,     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     ,  
    -    
   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼       
1.  :    
 ,     
 
 
2.   :       ;   
   
3.  :    ,     
 , 
  
4.  :          
    
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
                  
  ,            ,  
     -     ,       
  ,    
  - , ,         ' 
     '       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  
           ,   
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 





, , 
, 
    


1
,    

, 
    ()

2
,   
,

    +    
󷇮󷇭 
    14-   ,    ,    
              
,         ,    ,   
  
2.
-
7.             
     
: 
,      -     , 

 ""              
     ,   ,     
    
       ,          
 ,        -     
,  
"   "  ,  
   
 ,               
  
;  , , ,  , ,   
     
          ,  
     ,    
     ?
              
   ,          :


    
     
   , , ,       '   
                 
 ,      "      "
          ,      
         :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔-
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔, ,     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       
    ,    
     
    ( )     
2.
     
  ,         :
󷄧󷄫 () -    󷄧󷄬  (  ) -    󷄧󷄭 -
  (   ) 󷄧󷄮 () -   󷄰󷄯 () - 
    
    ...
  ,        ,       
     
 ,       ,        
        ,      
    
?
       :
󽇐   
󽇐 
󽇐
󽇐   
       
,         
 -            :
            
        
             
        
           :
  (6 )
2.
              ,  
  ,    -    
   
  = 6 
      :
 1:3 
 2:3 
  
 :
3 + 3
 ( )
 '        :
  |   
       :
   |   
  
1 Dha2 Dha3 Ti4 Na5 Ti6 Na

  ,    '   
  
 :
 ( ): 
 4:   '  ()
     :
 → 1 2 3  → 4 5 6
      
2.
        ?
          
    '
, ,       
     :
󷊨󷊩
󷊨󷊩 
󷊨󷊩 
󷊨󷊩
               '
 
;   ,     
  
  ?
 
  , 
 :
    
 '    
   
      
   ,              
 ,  ,      

               
,              
   ,     ,     
 , ,  ,           
     -  ,        3 + 3
    6  ,       |     
,       
2.
 ,              
              
   
                  
  
8.    '        
:      '
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
        ,        , 
              
   ,         -       , 
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :     

;       
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
      ()        
  
 
             
 '            
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔               -  
    ,      ' 
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
         
  -   ,      
 
            
        -      
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   
 -      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
2.
          ,    
  
          
         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔        
  -    
,     ,     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
       
,     
 

          
      
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔      -           
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
  ,       
     
  -      
, ,   ,          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    
 -       
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
1. :      
2. :      ,   
 
3. :    
4. :          
 
5. :         
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
                
  - , 
, ,  -,    ,      
  :         ,      ,
                -
 ,  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  
           -   
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
2.
   ,     
   '   

          
   ,        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
 
   

 
 ,    

,   ,   
 

   ,    

  
 ,     

,     

, ,  
 
󷇮󷇭 
     -       ,     , 
   : , ,        '
     ',      ,   
   
    
,   -     
"              
 
       ,       
 "